Macular Degeneration

Macular Degeneration (MD) is damage or breakdown of the macula. The macula is the part of the retina which allows us to see clearly and appreciate color. It is the small spot (approximately 3mm) near the middle of the retina, which is responsible for the central part of what we see. The retina is at the back of the eye. It is made up of cells which are sensitive to light.

How Does It Affect Sight?

In the early stages of MD, central vision is blurred and seeing at a distance or close work is difficult. The eye may still have good side vision, but blank spots appear in the center. This makes reading, sewing or seeing faces difficult. Other symptoms include: dimming of color vision, difficulty in judging heights and distances, and some difficulty with tasks such as pouring tea. Sometimes only one eye loses vision, while the other eye may see well for years. MD does not lead to total blindness. People with MD mostly retain good side vision. This means they can cope well with most daily tasks. The latest magnification devices can be very useful.

Who Is Susceptible?

Apart from some rarer forms, MD is not hereditary. The condition occurs most commonly in older people.

Diagnosis and Treatment

An ophthalmologist can detect MD in its early stages. Special magnifying glasses, daily living aids such as needle threaders, large print books, proper lighting or a combination of these can help the person with MD to be independent and lead a normal life. Laser treatment can be useful if the condition is detected early.